where he served as pastor of parishes in Buffalo
Bearing within it a secret wound
that Flannery O’Connor called it “undoubtedly the most serious and successful fictional treatment of a conversion by an American writer to date
he succeeded Pius XI and led the Church through the tormented years of World War II and the post-war struggles against totalitarianism
Madame Guyon and François Fénelon
The Vatican Council, Volume II culture where he served as pastorBy Cuthbert Butler, O. S. B. The First Vatican Council is a landmark in the history of the Catholic Church. Not since the momentous Council of Trent, held from 1545 to 1563, had a pope invoked his apostolic authority to open an ecumenical council, as Pope Pius IX did on December 8, 1869, in St. Peters Basilica. In 1869 as in 1545, storms buffeted the Barque of the Church, threatening to subvert and submerge its mission. To confront and refute errors